Control del dolor agudo en entornos virtuales: el efecto de una narrativa terapéutica
Narrativa terapéutica virtual en dolor agudo
Resumen
La Realidad Virtual (RV) es una tecnología cada vez más popular en el ámbito de la intervención sanitaria, siendo considerada una herramienta no farmacológica para el manejo del dolor agudo durante procedimientos médicos dolorosos. A pesar de la evidencia científica en la eficacia de la RV como técnica analgésica, no hay estudios que evalúen la utilidad de incluir narraciones terapéuticas en los escenarios virtuales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la inclusión de una narrativa terapéutica en un entorno virtual relajante puede mejorar los efectos analgésicos de la RV. Para ello, se dividió aleatoriamente a 62 participantes en dos grupos experimentales en la misma prueba de criopresión: Condición 1 - Relajación en RV sin narrativa (RVs/N) y Condición 2 - Relajación en RV con narrativa (RVc/N). Los resultados mostraron que el grupo de narrativa terapéutica evidenció una mayor tolerancia al dolor. En particular, esto se vio constatado en mayores tiempos de mantenimiento y de tolerancia total en la prueba de criopresión en el grupo de narrativa terapéutica, respecto al grupo sin la narrativa terapéutica. Los participantes de la condición RVc/N fueron capaces de tolerar el dolor un 85.35% más de tiempo que los participantes de la condición RVs/N. No hubo diferencias significativas en relación a los niveles de ansiedad subjetiva, pero sí en los niveles de intensidad del dolor. Los resultados también sugirieron que el grupo con narrativa terapéutica informó una percepción más rápida del tiempo y de mayores niveles de diversión. El presente estudio es pionero en evidenciar los beneficios de la inclusión de una narrativa terapéutica en un escenario virtual para mejorar la gestión del dolor agudo. Estos resultados revelan la necesidad de incorporar profesionales de la salud mental en equipos multidisciplinarios dirigidos al diseño, desarrollo, implementación y evaluación de aplicaciones digitales dirigidas a la intervención sanitaria.
Citas
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