De correr a esquecer: a quantidade de movimento dos verbos influencia o processamento léxico-semântico em indivíduos jovens e idosos sem comprometimento cognitivo?
Processamento léxico-semântico em indivíduos jovens e idosos
Palabras clave:
memória semântica, processamento lexical, pessoa idosaResumen
Classicamente, considera-se que a memória semântica mantém-se preservada no envelhecimento típico, embora possam ser observadas mudanças no acesso lexical ou em tarefas de processamento linguístico mais complexas, que requerem manipulação de vários traços semânticos simultaneamente. Poucos estudos investigam o processamento semântico de verbos, especialmente na língua portuguesa. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo, investiga se traços semânticos, especialmente a quantidade de movimento, influenciam o desempenho de pessoas jovens e idosas em uma tarefa de julgamento de similaridade semântica de verbos. Para isso, 68 pessoas cognitivamente saudáveis (de 18 a 80 anos), divididas entre 31 pessoas jovens (20 mulheres, média de idade de 28,25 anos (SD=6.69)) e 37 pessoas idosas (26 mulheres, média de idade de 66 anos (SD=5.39)) realizaram uma tarefa de julgamento semântico, a partir de pares de verbos com e sem associação semântica entre si, organizados em blocos de pouco, médio e muito movimento. Uma análise de covariância de duas vias (ANCOVA) foi conduzida para determinar se havia diferença estatística significativa no tempo de reação (variável dependente), em relação à idade e quantidade de movimento, controlada pelas variáveis independentes: frequência, familiaridade e especificidade. Nossos resultados apontam que a quantidade de movimento é a principal variável que influencia o processamento semântico de verbos nessa tarefa, independente da idade. Verificamos também que há um aumento do tempo de resposta de acordo com a idade.
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