La pornografía digital como adicción conductual
Pronografía digital
Palabras clave:
conducta, adictivo, pornografía, neuroadaptaciones, estímulos supranormalesResumen
Tradicionalmente, las adicciones se conceptualizan como enfermedades neurobiológicas crónicas y recurrentes caracterizadas por la búsqueda y el consumo compulsivo, a pesar de sus consecuencias adversas. Sin embargo, esta conceptualización ha sido criticada, especialmente respecto a la inevitabilidad del comportamiento compulsivo y la preeminencia del origen orgánico. La discusión actual se centra en cómo se puede definir la adicción sin caer en una perspectiva reduccionista que limite su comprensión a un solo nivel de análisis. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar críticamente el modelo de la adicción como enfermedad cerebral frente al modelo de adicción como elección, en el contexto del consumo de pornografía digital. Se realizó una revisión natural de artículos publicados en los últimos diez años sobre el consumo problemático de pornografía digital, evaluando tanto sus correlatos neurobiológicos como conductuales. La adicción a la pornografía digital podría entenderse como un resultado de procesos normales de aprendizaje y memoria, donde la exposición repetida a estímulos supranormales favorece decisiones impulsivas y recompensas inmediatas. Las neuroadaptaciones observadas reflejan un proceso de aprendizaje, no necesariamente de enfermedad. A pesar de las similitudes neurobiológicas y comportamentales entre las adicciones a sustancias y el consumo problemático de pornografía digital, la adicción a la pornografía debe examinarse desde a través de un enfoque poblacional que considere su origen y determinantes sociales, y no sólo un abordaje individual basado en el diagnóstico y umbral de consumo.
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Español - Français - Português Español Principios Los siguientes principios se aplican a los artículos enviados a la revista: 1. Los autores son responsables por la exactitud de sus referencias y citas. 2. Los autores cuyos artículos hayan sido aceptados ceden sus derechos de modo permanente a la revista Neuropsicología Latinoamericana, principalmente para la constitución de los archivos de la revista. Los autores pueden re-publicar libremente sus trabajos (bajo forma impresa o electrónica) en la medida en que: 1) indiquen claramente las referencias de la publicación original en la revista Neuropsicología Latinoamericana; 2) y avisen al editor ejecutivo de la revista y le envíen un ejemplar de la nueva publicación. 3. Los autores cuyos artículos hayan sido aceptados eximen a la revista Neuropsicología Latinoamericana de cualquier recurso o acciones de terceros (editores, autores, etc.). 4. El editor de la revista Neuropsicología Latinoamericana se reserva el derecho de realizar modificaciones editoriales previas a la publicación del artículo con fines de corrección estilística o de aumento de la claridad del mismo. Los autores serán consultados solamente en caso de modificaciones importantes. 5. Los artículos que presentan investigaciones con seres humanos deben haberse realizado de acuerdo a los principios éticos contenidos en la Declaración de Helsinki (Resolución CNS 196/96) y respetar los presupuestos éticos en vigor en este documento o en donde la investigación haya sido realizada. En la sección "Método" se deberá explicitar la aprobación del protocolo de investigación y la aceptación del Comité de Ética de la Investigación correspondiente. 6. Los autores deben demostrar la veracidad de los datos publicados y de las referencias citadas. En caso contrario, se podrá aplicar una sanción inmediata que consistirá en el rechazo inmediato del material enviado. Français Principes Les principes suivants s'appliquent aux articles envoyés à la revue : 1. Les auteurs sont responsables de l'exactitude de ses références et des citations. 2. Les auteurs dont les articles ont été acceptés cèdent leurs droits de manière permanente à la revue Neuropsicología Latinoamericana, principalement pour la constitution des archives de la revue. Les auteurs peuvent librement republier leurs travaux (sous une forme imprimée ou électronique) dans la mesure où : 1) Neuropsicología Latinoamericana indique clairement les références de la publication originale dans la revue; 2) vous avertissez l'éditeur exécutif de la revue et lui envoyez un exemplaire de la nouvelle publication. 3. Les auteurs dont les articles ont été acceptés exemptent la revue Neuropsicología Latinoamericana de n'importe quel recours ou d'actions de tiers (éditeurs, auteurs, etc.). 4. L'éditeur de la revue Neuropsicología Latinoamericana se réserve le droit d’effectuer des modifications éditoriales préalablement à la publication de l'article aux fins de corrections stylistiques ou d'augmentation de la clarté de celui-ci. Les auteurs ne seront consultés qu’en cas des modifications importantes. 5. Les articles qui présentent des recherches avec des êtres humains doivent avoir été réalisés conformément aux principes éthiques contenus dans la Déclaration d’Helsinki (Résolution CNS 196/96) et respecter les règles d’éthique en vigueur dans ce document ou au lieu où la recherche a été réalisée. Dans la section Méthode on devra expliquer l'approbation du protocole de recherche et l'acceptation du Comité d'éthique de la recherche correspondante. 6. Les auteurs doivent montrer la vérité dans les données publiées et citations révisées; inclus la peine de rejet immédiat des cas de plagiat matériels soumis des documents déjà existants sans entrer dans le crédit au contenu original. Português Os princípios Os princípios que seguem aplicam-se aos artigos enviados à revista. 1. Os autores são responsáveis pela exatidão de suas referências e citações. 2. Os autores cujos artigos tenham sido aceitos cederão os direitos de modo permanente à Revista Neuropsicologia Latinoamericana, principalmente para a constituição dos arquivos da revista. Estes autores podem republicar livremente seus trabalhos (sob forma impressa ou eletrônica) na medida em que (1) indiquem claramente as referências da publicação original na Revista Neuropsicologia Latinoamericana; (2) avisem o editor executivo dessa revista e lhe enviem um exemplar da nova publicação. 3. Os autores cujos artigos tenham sido aceitos eximem a Revista Neuropsicologia Latinoamericana de quaisquer recursos ou ações de terceiros (editores, autores, etc). 4. O editor da Revista Neuropsicologia Latinoamericana reserva-se o direito de realizar modificações editoriais em todo o artigo aceito para publicação para fins de correções estilísticas ou de aumento da clareza. Os autores serão consultados somente em casos de modificações importantes. 5. Os artigos que relatam pesquisas com seres humanos devem ter sido conduzidos de acordo com os princípios éticos contidos na Declaração de Helsinki (Resolução CNS 196/96) e respeitar os pressupostos éticos em vigor neste documento ou onde a pesquisa foi realizada. Na seção Métodos serão explicitados a aprovação do protocolo de pesquisa e o aceite recebido pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa correspondente. 6. Os autores devem mostrar veracidade nos dados publicados e citações revisadas; incluído a punição de rejeição imediata do material submetido em casos de plágio de material já existente sem inserir créditos ao conteúdo original.
