Escalas de evaluación del desarrollo infantil para niños de entre 6 a 18 meses: una revisión sistemática
Escalas del desarrollo infantil inicial
Mots-clés :
desarrollo infantil, diagnóstico precoz, programas de detección diagnóstica, desempeño psicomotor, niñoRésumé
Las escalas de evaluación del desarrollo infantil destinadas a niños menores de 2 años son un recurso crucial para valorar los hitos evolutivos de esta población. En países como Estados Unidos existe una amplia gama de escalas o instrumentos de cribado y tamizaje (screening en inglés) para la vigilancia del desarrollo durante los primeros 5 años de vida, pero la realidad en países latinoamericanos resulta bien diferente. Evaluar el desarrollo infantil resulta una tarea compleja, ya que implica un acercamiento multidisciplinario y un análisis multidimensional que abarque generalmente las siguientes dimensiones: motora, cognitiva, afectiva y social. El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática fue describir la estructura de las escalas de evaluación del desarrollo infantil para niños de entre 6 a 18 meses disponibles en español, portugués e inglés, así como ofrecer información adicional sobre estudios de traducción y validación cultural de los instrumentos en inglés para la región latinoamericana. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en la BVS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, SciELO y Redalyc, además de emplear estrategias adicionales como la consulta de sitios web de editoras como Vetor, Pearson, Hogrefe y TEA. Los descriptores MeSH utilizados fueron: “Neuropsychological tests” AND “Survey and questionnaires” AND “Child development” AND “Infant”. Se recuperaron 156 estudios potencialmente relevantes y, de estos, fueron seleccionados 18 instrumentos que cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Se confirma la prevalencia de escalas o instrumentos de cribado en inglés y los estudios de traducción, validación cultural y diseño de nuevos instrumentos para la región latinoamericana se encuentran en fase de desarrollo. Desde un enfoque crítico, se analizan las ventajas y desventajas del uso de escalas para el diagnóstico del desarrollo infantil desde las primeras edades. Se concluye que el conocimiento de un listado de instrumentos de cribado en inglés, portugués y español resulta una información relevante para el trabajo de profesionales que enfrentan la demanda de monitorear el desarrollo infantil desde la etapa prelingüística con fines clínicos e investigativos.
Références
Albuquerque, K. A. D., & Cunha, A. C. B. D. (2020). New trends in instruments for child development screening in Brazil: A systematic review. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 30(2), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.10366
*Albuquerque, K. A. C., Cunha, A. C. B., & Berkovits, M. D. (2022). Cross-cultural adaptation of the Battelle Development Inventory, 2nd Edition for Brazil. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 39(e190170), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202239e190170
Ann-Christin, E., Holmström, L., Aarne, P., Nakeva von Mentzer, C., Ann-Louise, W., Sjöstrand, L., Forssberg, H., Tedroff, K., & Löwing, K. (2016). Efficacy of the small step program in a randomised controlled trial for infants below age 12 months with clinical signs of CP; a study protocol. BMC Pediatrics, 16(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0711-x
*Balasundaram, P., & Avulakunta, I. D. (2022). Bayley Scales Of Infant and Toddler Development. StatPearls Publishing.
*Bayley, N., & Aylward, G. P. (2019). Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development fourth edition (Bayley-4). NCS Pearson.
Bellman, M., Byrne, O., & Sege, R. (2013). Developmental assessment of children. BMJ, 346(jan15 2), e8687–e8687. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e8687
*Christovão, I. S., Pereira, D. A. G., de Castro Magalhães, L., & Camargos, A. C. R. (2023). Predictive validity of the Denver developmental screening test (Denver-II) to detect risk of developmental coordination disorder in preterm children. Early Human Development, 184, 105836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105836
Conselho Federal de Psicologia. (2022). Cartilha Avaliação Psicológica. Conselho Federal de Psicologia. https://site.cfp.org.br/publicacao/cartilha-avaliacao-psicologica-2022/
Costa, C. C., & Blascovi-Assis, S. M. (2022). Teste de triagem DENVER II no monitoramento do desenvolvimento de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão de literatura. Centro de Pesquisas Avançadas Em Qualidade de Vida, 14(v14n2), 1. https://doi.org/10.36692/v14n3-16R
de la Cruz, L. V., & González, C. M. (2011). Batelle Inventario de Desarrollo. Manual de Aplicación. TEA.
der Nederlanden, S. J., Shaeffer, J. C., van Bakel, H. H. J. A., & Dirks, E. (2023). Socio-economic status and other potential risk factors for language development in the first year of life. Journal of Child Language, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000923000478
*Farmer, C., Adedipe, D., Bal, V. H., Chlebowski, C., & Thurm, A. (2020). Concordance of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second and third editions. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12691
*Ferreira-Vasques, A. T., & Lamônica, D. A. C. (2018). Avaliação instrumentalizada do desenvolvimento infantil: nova realidade brasileira. CoDAS, 30(6), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20182018056
*Frankenburg, W. K., Dodds, J. B., Archer, P., Bresnick, B., Maschka, P., Edelman, N., & Shapiro, H. (2018). Teste de Triagem do Desenvolvimento DENVER II. Hogrefe.
*Frankenburg, W. K., Dodds, J., Archer, P., Shapiro, H., & Bresnick, B. (1992). DENVER II: training manual. 2nd ed. Denver Developmental Materials.
*Glascoe, F. P. (1997). Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status. Ellsworth & Vandermeer Press, Ltd.
*Glascoe, F. P., & Byrne, K. E. (1993). The Usefulness of the Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test. Clinical Pediatrics, 32(5), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289303200504
*González-Salinas, C., Montesinos, H. Ma. D., Carranza, C. J. A., & Ato, G. M. (2000). Development of a Spanish adaptation of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire for the measurement of temperament in infancy. Psicothema, 12(4), 513–519.
Gudiel-Hermoza, A., Gudiel-Hermoza, J., & Guillén-Pinto, D. (2021). Adaptación, validación y puntos de corte del Cuestionario de edades y etapas-3ra edición (ASQ-3) en español, en una zona urbana de Lima-Perú. Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 84(2), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v84i2.3995
Guerra, A., Hazin, I., Siebra, C., Rezende, M., Silvestre, I., Le Gall, D., & Roy, A. (2022). Assessing executive functions in Brazilian children: A critical review of available tools. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 11(2), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1775598
*Gwaltney, A., Potter, S. N., Peters, S. U., Barbieri-Welge, R. L., Horowitz, L. T., Noll, L. M., Hundley, R. J., Bird, L. M., Tan, W.-H., Sadhwani, A., & Wheeler, A. (2023). Adaptive Skills of Individuals with Angelman Syndrome Assessed Using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 2nd Edition. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06090-8
*Hallberg, S. C. M., & Bandeira, D. R. (2021). Para Além do QI: Avaliação do Comportamento Adaptativo na Deficiência Intelectual. Revista Avaliação Psicológica, 20(3), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.15689/ap.2021.2003.19733.10
*Ireton, H. (1992). Child Development Inventories Manual. Behavior Science Systems. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/t05317-000
*Ivens, J., & Martin, N. (2002). A common metric for the Griffiths Scales. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 87(2), 109–110. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.87.2.109
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1998). Development itself is the key to understanding developmental disorders. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2(10), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(98)01230-3
*Klein, C. V., Putnam, P. S., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2009). Assessment of Temperament in Children: Translation of Instruments to Portuguese (Brazil) Language. Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 43(3), 552–557.
*Lajiness-O’Neill, R., Warschausky, S., Huth-Bocks, A., Taylor, H. G., Brooks, J., Lukomski, A., Raghunathan, T. E., Berglund, P., Staples, A. D., Erdodi, L., & Schilling, S. (2021). PediaTrac V.3.0 protocol: a prospective, longitudinal study of the development and validation of a web-based tool to measure and track infant and toddler development from birth through 18 months. BMJ Open, 11(12), e050488. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050488
*Liskola, K., Raaska, H., Hakulinen, C., Lapinleimu, H., & Elovainio, M. (2022). Do the Temperamental Characteristics of Both Mother and Child Influence the Well-Being of Adopted and Non-Adopted Children? Children, 9(8), 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081227
Luque de Dios, S. M., Sánchez-Raya, A., & Moriana, J. A. (2023). Quality of Child Development Scales. A Systematic Review. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 12(1), 92–124. http://doi.org/10.17583/ijep.10773
Mackin, R., Ben Fadel, N., Feberova, J., Murray, L., Nair, A., Kuehn, S., Barrowman, N., & Daboval, T. (2017). ASQ3 and/or the Bayley-III to support clinicians’ decision making. PLOS ONE, 12(2), e0170171. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170171
*Madaschi, V. (2012). Tradução, adaptação transcultural e evidências de validade das Escalas Bayley III de Desenvolvimento Infantil em uma população do Município de Barueri, São Paulo [Universidade Presbisteriana Mackenzie]. http://www.revistasusp.sibi.usp.br/pdf/rbcdh/v21n1/09.pdf
*Matson, J. L., Hess, J. A., Sipes, M., & Horovitz, M. (2010). Developmental profiles from the Battelle developmental inventory: A comparison of toddlers diagnosed with Down Syndrome, global developmental delay and premature birth. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 13(4), 234–238. https://doi.org/10.3109/17518421003736032
*Meisels, S. J., Marsden, D. B., Dombro, A. L., Weston, D. R., & Jewkes, A. M. (2003). The Ounce Scale. Pearson Assessments. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Developmental-Early-Childhood/The-Ounce-Scale/p/100000403.html
*Meisels, S. J., Wen, X., & Beachy-Quick, K. (2010). Authentic Assessment for Infants and Toddlers: Exploring the Reliability and Validity of the Ounce Scale. Applied Developmental Science, 14(2), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691003697911
*Metwally, A. M., Abdallah, A. M., El-Din, E. M. S., Zeid, D. A., Khadr, Z., Elshaarawy, G. A., Elkhatib, A. A., Elsaied, A., Ashaat, E. A., Elghareeb, N. A., Abdou, M. H., Fathy, A. M., Eldeeb, S. E., AbdAllah, M., Soliman, M. A., el Banna, R. A. S., Hassanein, A. K., Rabah, T. M., Abdelrahman, M., & Sallam, S. F. (2023). Screening and determinant of suspected developmental delays among Egyptian preschool-aged children: a cross-sectional national community-based study. BMC Pediatrics, 23(1), 521. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04335-0
*Milosavljevic, B., Vellekoop, P., Maris, H., Halliday, D., Drammeh, S., Sanyang, L., Darboe, M. K., Elwell, C., Moore, S. E., & Lloyd‐Fox, S. (2019). Adaptation of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning for use among infants aged 5‐ to 24‐months in rural Gambia. Developmental Science, 22(5), e12808. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12808
*Minnesota Department of Health. (2014). Brigance Early Childhood Screens III. Curriculum Associates. https://www.hbe.com.au/catalog/product/view/id/20575/s/ca14349/category/220/
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
*Mullen, E. M. (1995). Mullen Scales of Early Learning (AGS ed.). American Guidance Service Inc.
*Mustakim, M. R. D., Irwanto, I., Irawan, R., Irmawati, M., & Setyoboedi, B. (2022). Impact of Stunting on Development of Children between 1-3 Years of Age. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 32(3), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v32i3.13
*National Infant & Toddler Child Care Initiative. (2010). Infant/Toddler. Development, Screening, and Assessment. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
*Newborg, J. (2005). Battelle Developmental Inventory-Second Edition. Riverside.
Pacheco, C., Aquino Sánchez, B., & Elías, R. (2018). Abordajes en la evaluación del desarrollo infantil temprano. Revista Científica Estudios e Investigaciones, 7(1), 200. https://doi.org/10.26885/rcei.7.1.200
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372(n71), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Paterson, S. J., Parish-Morris, J., Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Golinkoff, R. M. (2016). Considering Development in Developmental Disorders. Journal of Cognition and Development, 17(4), 568–583. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2016.1200047
Pearson. (n.d.). Early Childhood Assessment Tools. Retrieved March 16, 2023, from http://images.pearsonclinical.com/videos/EC_Building_System_102913/Tools_for_EC_Assessment.pdf
Peñaloza-Bravo, M., Barajas-González, P., & Gómez-Alonso, C. (2020). Evaluación del desarrollo infantil en niños menores de 1 año en una unidad médica. Rev Enferm Inst Mex Seguro Soc, 29(2), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.24875/REIMSS.M21000035
Pernambuco, L., Espelt, A., Magalhães Junior, H. V., & Lima, K. C. L. (2017). Recomendações para elaboração, tradução, adaptação transcultural e processo de validação de testes em Fonoaudiologia. CoDAS, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172016217
*Peyton, C., Wroblewski, K., Park, J., Crisante, C., Mariano, K., Lyon, N., Baker, C. P., Rogers, B. T., Roistacher, J., Carter, F. A., Msall, M. E., Troyke, S., Gatling, C., Tu, H., Huddleston, P., Berger, A., Andrews, B., & Msall, M. E. (2021). Validity of The Warner Initial Developmental Evaluation of Adaptive and Functional Skills (WIDEA-FS): a daily activity criterion checklist for infants and toddlers. Pediatric Research, 90(5), 1052–1057. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-01342-0
Pilayeva, N. (2008). Evaluación y corrección neuropsicológica en preescolares con retardo en el desarollo psicológico. In Y. Solovieva & L. Quintanar (Eds.), Eduación neuropsicológica infantil (pp. 15–31). Trillas.
Piper, M. C., & Darrah, J. M. (1994). Motor Assessment of the Developing Infant. WB Saunders.
*Ramos, M. M. A., & Barba, P. C. S. D. (2021). Ages and Stages Questionnaires Brazil in monitoring development in early childhood education. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 93(suppl 4). https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201838
Ramos-Cabo, S., Vulchanov, V., & Vulchanova, M. (2019). Gesture and Language Trajectories in Early Development: An Overview From the Autism Spectrum Disorder Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01211
Reichenheim, M. E., & Moraes, C. L. (2007). Operacionalização de adaptação transcultural de instrumentos de aferição usados em epidemiologia. Revista de Saúde Pública, 41(4), 665–673. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102006005000035
*Ringwalt, S. (2008). Developmental screening and assessment instruments with an emphasis on social and emotional development for young children ages birth through five. The University of North Carolina, FPG Child Development Institute, National Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center. https://ectacenter.org/~pdfs/pubs/screening.pdf
*Rivera, G. R., Sánchez, C., Corral, G. I., Figueroa, O. M., Soler, L. K., Martínez, V. I., Oliveros, M. L., & Ortiz, M. M. (2013). Edad de presentación de los reactivos del Test de Denver II en Niños de 0 a 4 años de edad del Estado de Morelos. Salud Mental, 36(6), 459–470. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0185-33252013000600003&lng=es&tlng=es
Rizzoli-Córdoba, A., Martell-Valdez, L., Delgado-Ginebra, I., Villasís-Keever, M. A., Reyes-Morales, H., O’Shea-Cuevas, G., Aceves-Villagrán, D., Carrasco-Mendoza, J., Villagrán-Muñoz, V. M., Halley-Castillo, E., Vargas-López, G., & Muñoz-Hernández, O. (2015). Escrutinio poblacional del nivel de desarrollo infantil en menores de 5 años beneficiarios de PROSPERA en México. Boletín Médico Del Hospital Infantil de México, 72(6), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmhimx.2015.10.003
*Rothbart, M. K. (1981). Measurement of temperament in infancy. Child Development, 52, 569–578. https://research.bowdoin.edu/rothbart-temperament-questionnaires/files/2016/09/1981_Measrmnt_of_temp_in_Infancy.pdf
*Rousseau, M., Dionne, C., Savard, R. T., Schonhaut, L., & Londono, M. (2021). Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) Worldwide: A Scoping Review. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 42(6), 490–501. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000940
*Rubio-Codina, M., & Grantham-McGregor, S. (2020). Predictive validity in middle childhood of short tests of early childhood development used in large scale studies compared to the Bayley-III, the Family Care Indicators, height-for-age, and stunting: A longitudinal study in Bogota, Colombia. PLOS ONE, 15(4), e0231317. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231317
Sabanathan, S., Wills, B., & Gladstone, M. (2015). Child development assessment tools in low-income and middle-income countries: how can we use them more appropriately? Archives of Disease in Childhood, 100(5), 482–488. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-308114
*Santos, J. A. T., Ayupe, K. M. A., Lima, A. L. O., Albuquerque, K. A., Morgado, R. F. F., & Filho, G. P. J. B. (2022). Propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Denver II: teste de triagem do desenvolvimento. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 27(3), 1097–1106. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022273.40092020
Seize, M. deM., & Borsa, J. C. (2017). Instrumentos para Rastreamento de Sinais Precoces do Autismo: Revisão Sistemática. Psico-USF, 22(1), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712017220114
Shea, B. J., Grimshaw, J. M., Wells, G. A., Boers, M., Andersson, N., Hamel, C., Porter, A. C., Tugwell, P., Moher, D., & Bouter, L. M. (2007). Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-7-10
*Silva, L. C., Lamônica, D. A. C., & Hage, S. R. de V. (2021). Instruments to assess children’s language and speech translated and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese: an integrative literature review. Revista CEFAC, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/202123212520
*Silva, M. A. da, Mendonça Filho, E. J. de, & Bandeira, D. R. (2019). Development of the Dimensional Inventory of Child Development Assessment (IDADI). Psico-USF, 24(1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712019240102
*Silva, M. A. da, Mendonça Filho, E. J. de, & Bandeira, D. R. (2020). IDADI – Inventário Dimensional de Avaliação do Desenvolvimento Infantil. VETOR.
Silva, M. A., de Mendonça Filho, E. J., Mônego, B. G., & Bandeira, D. R. (2020). Instruments for multidimensional assessment of child development: a systematic review. Early Child Development and Care, 190(8), 1257–1271. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1528243
*Singh, A., Yeh, C. J., & Boone Blanchard, S. (2017). Ages and Stages Questionnaire: a global screening scale. Boletín Médico Del Hospital Infantil de México, 74(1), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmhimx.2016.07.008
*Sipes, M., Matson, J. L., & Turygin, N. (2011). The use of the Battelle Developmental Inventory–Second Edition (BDI-2) as an early screener for autism spectrum disorders. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 14(5), 310–314. https://doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2011.598477
Solovieva, Yulia, Pelayo, H., & Quintanar, L. (2018). Care and Assessment of Early Development According to Cultural Paradigm. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 2(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJESS/2018/40996
*Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Saulnier, C. A. (2016). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales | Third Edition. Pearson Assessments. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Behavior/Adaptive/Vineland-Adaptive-Behavior-Scales-%7C-Third-Edition/p/100001622.html
*Sperhac, A. M., & Salzer, J. L. (1991). The Denver II. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 3(4), 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7599.1991.tb01094.x
*Squires, J., & Bricker, D. (2022). Ages & Stages Questionnaires®, Third Edition (ASQ®-3). Brookes Publishing Company. https://agesandstages.com/products-pricing/asq3/
*Sudry, T., Zimmerman, D. R., Yardeni, H., Joseph, A., Baruch, R., Grotto, I., Greenberg, D., Eilenberg, R., Amit, G., Akiva, P., Tsadok, M. A., Rize, Y., Zaworbach, H., Uziel, M., ben Moshe, D., Lior Sadaka, I., Bachmat, E., Freedman, J., & Sadaka, Y. (2022). Standardization of a Developmental Milestone Scale Using Data From Children in Israel. JAMA Network Open, 5(3), e222184. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.2184
Tavares, L. F. F. A., Mograbi, D. C., & Landeira-Fernandez, J. (2015). Análise de itens da versão brasileira do ages and stages questionnaires para creches públicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Revista Psicopedagogia, 32(99), 314–325. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84862015000300005&lng=pt&tlng=pt
*Tesh, E. M., & Holditch-Davis, D. (1997). HOME inventory and NCATS: Relation to mother and child behaviors during naturalistic observations. Research in Nursing & Health, 20(4), 295–307. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199708)20:4<295::AID-NUR3>3.0.CO;2-B
Torras‐Mañá, M., Gómez‐Morales, A., González‐Gimeno, I., Fornieles‐Deu, A., & Brun‐Gasca, C. (2016). Assessment of cognition and language in the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: usefulness of the Bayley Scales of infant and toddler development, third edition. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60(5), 502–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12291
Tsvetkova, L. S. (1971). Concerning Methods for Examining Children with Speech Impairments. Soviet Education, 14(1–3), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.2753/RES1060-939314010203157
*Upadhyay, R. P., Taneja, S., Strand, T. A., Sommerfelt, H., Hysing, M., Mazumder, S., Bhandari, N., Martines, J., Dua, T., Kariger, P., & Bahl, R. (2022). Early child stimulation, linear growth and neurodevelopment in low birth weight infants. BMC Pediatrics, 22(1), 586. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03579-6
Vigotski, L. S. (2018). Sete aulas de L.S. Vigotski sobre os fundamentos da Pedologia (Z. Prestes & E. Tunes, Eds.). E-papers.
*Xu, M., Ding, M., Kong, W., Jia, N., Yan, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q., Oxford, M. L., & Guan, H. (2023). Psychometric soundness and predictive factors of the NCAST Parent–Child Interaction Teaching Scale in urban Chinese population. Child: Care, Health and Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.13195