Correlatos neurais da empatia em eletroencefalograma: Investigando vieses etnoculturais com medidas fisiológicas e de autorrelato

CORRELATOS NEURAIS E EMPATIA ETNOCULTURAL

Auteurs-es

  • Emanuella Ribeiro Félix Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF
  • Leonardo Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – UFCG
  • Rodrigo Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – UNIVASF
  • Marcelo Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC

Mots-clés :

empatia, eletroencefalograma, sinais cerebrais, medidas fisiológicas, autorrelato

Résumé

A empatia, uma capacidade associada ao funcionamento social e motivadora do comportamento moral e justo, tem sido amplamente estudada por medidas fisiológicas, como o Eletroencefalograma (EEG). Estudos revelaram que a atividade neural na empatia varia em magnitude, sendo modulada pelo vínculo afetivo entre os indivíduos, podendo estar sujeitas a vieses, fazendo com que se sinta mais empatia por aqueles que são próximos e similares a elas. O principal objetivo foi testar se a empatia produzida em uma experiência vicária de dor, provocaria diferenças mensuráveis nos sinais de EEG. Foram coletados dados de dez participantes, com idades entre 18 e 28 anos, submetidos a um conjunto de vídeos com diferentes atores (três homens e três mulheres), naturais das cidades (Basel, Petrolina e São Paulo), recebendo estímulo não-doloroso e doloroso enquanto os sinais neurais eram captados. Para mensuração da empatia foram empregados a Escala de Empatia Etnocultural (EEE), o Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) e duas perguntas adaptadas do Self Assessment Manikin (SAM). Os resultados apontaram variações na amplitude de sinal em alguns eletrodos, variando em função do sexo e nacionalidade dos atores e atrizes. Nos instrumentos de autorrelato, constatou-se correlação significativa entre a EEE e a dimensão Consideração Empática no IRI. Não foram encontradas outras associações significativas entre a EEE e as medidas de empatia situacional e nem destas últimas com o IRI. Variações evidenciadas em ambos os hemisférios cerebrais estão alinhadas com a literatura. A ausência de resultados significativos entre os instrumentos de autorrelato pode estar associada à própria natureza dos instrumentos de empatia disposicional e situacional e similaridades físicas entre os objetos das simulações dolorosa e não-dolorosa. Nossos achados adicionam compreensões sobre a neurodinâmica do processamento da empatia e avança sobre a análise dos mecanismos neurais muitas vezes não mensuráveis em sua totalidade por instrumentos de autorrelato. 

Palavras-chave: empatia, eletroencefalograma, sinais cerebrais, medidas fisiológicas, autorrelato

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Fichiers supplémentaires

Publié-e

2025-08-27

Comment citer

Ribeiro Félix, E., Leonardo, Rodrigo, & Marcelo. (2025). Correlatos neurais da empatia em eletroencefalograma: Investigando vieses etnoculturais com medidas fisiológicas e de autorrelato: CORRELATOS NEURAIS E EMPATIA ETNOCULTURAL. Neuropsicología Latinoamericana, 17(3), 24–35. Consulté à l’adresse https://neuropsicolatina.org/index.php/Neuropsicologia_Latinoamericana/article/view/835

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