Cognição, depressão e estado funcional em adultos maiores de uma comunidade rural de Actopan-Hidalgo, México
Evaluación del envejecimiento en comunidad-rural
Resumo
No México, há poucos relatórios sobre o estado cognitivo, funcional, de humor e da qualidade de vida dos adultos maiores (AM) nas comunidades rurais. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as relações entre escolaridade, idade, sexo, estado cognitivo, sintomas depressivos e grau de independência para atividades da vida diária associadas ao envelhecimento em um grupo de AM de uma comunidade rural, com ênfase nas diferenças de gênero na escolaridade. Participaram noventa e quatro AM (58 mulheres e 36 homens) com idades entre 60 e 89 anos (média de idade 72,62 anos). Foram avaliadas habilidades cognitivas (CASI), atividades básicas da vida diária (índice Katz), atividades instrumentais da vida diária (índice Lawton e Brody) e presença de depressão (GDS). A escolaridade média da amostra foi de 3,2 anos. No CASI, 64,89% tinham pontuações em torno da média da população, 16% tinham pontuações indicativas de possível deficiência cognitiva, e 19,15% tinham pontuações "normais" de acordo com os critérios publicados para este instrumento. O 16 % da amostra tinha baixo desempenho cognitivo, principalmente mulheres com baixo nível de escolaridade. A desigualdade de gênero foi identificada como refletida na baixa escolaridade das mulheres de 70-89 anos de idade, possivelmente influenciando seu estado cognitivo. Em contraste, os AM apresentaram uma baixa incidência de sintomas depressivos e escores que indicam independência na realização de atividades da vida diária, possivelmente relacionadas com a atividade física que realizam no trabalho agrícola e doméstico, e com uma rede ativa de apoio social detectada empiricamente dentro desta comunidade. Para as gerações futuras, é desejável mitigar a desigualdade de gênero evidenciada neste estudo, melhorando o acesso à educação e o nível geral de escolaridade, particularmente para as mulheres.
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